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Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Background:
Workplace accidents pose significant challenges to occupational safety and health, leading to profound socio-economic consequences through fatalities and disabilities. This study employs machine learning (ML) techniques to analyze workplace accidents across various Malaysian sectors from 2015 to 2023, with a focus on fatalities, permanent disabilities (PD), and non-permanent disabilities (NPD). The objective is to uncover temporal trends, sector-specific patterns, and the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on accident frequencies.
Methods:
Data from the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) in Malaysia was analyzed using advanced ML approaches. Techniques like clustering and classification were applied to identify sectoral risk profiles. At the same time, temporal trends were modelled using time-series algorithms such as ARIMA and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. Exploratory data visualizations, including AI-enhanced temporal and sectoral tree maps, revealed distribution patterns across manufacturing, agriculture, construction, utilities, and other sectors. Analysis was stratified into pre-COVID (2015–2019), pandemic (2020), and post-pandemic (2021–2023) phases.
Results:
ML-driven analyses indicated that fatalities dominate workplace accidents across all sectors, overshadowing PD and NPD incidents. The manufacturing sector exhibited a pronounced upward fatality trend, confirmed through ARIMA and LSTM predictions. Despite a temporary reduction in overall incidents during the pandemic, fatalities remained consistently high and stabilized at elevated levels in the post-pandemic period.
Conclusion:
This ML-augmented study underscores the critical need for improved occupational safety measures, particularly in high-risk sectors like manufacturing. Predictive insights from ML and emphasize the urgency of proactive interventions to mitigate rising fatality rates. Integrating these technologies into occupational safety strategies could transform risk assessment and incident prevention, paving the way for safer workplaces in Malaysia.